Nhan Van Giai Pham
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Jump to: navigation, searchNhân Văn Giai Phẩm was a North Vietnamese dissident literary movement. Lasting from 1955 to 1958, it fought for political and creative freedom, and tried to critique the many abuses of the Vietnamese Communist Party.
Initiated in 1955 by a group of writers, it emanated from two Hanoi journals, Nhân Văn [Humanism], edited by Phan Khôi, and Giai Phẩm [Beautiful Works], hence the name Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm. The writers associated with the movement include Phan Khôi, Trần Dần, Lê Đạt, Đặng Đình Hưng, Hoàng Cầm, Phùng Cung, Phùng Quán, Nguyễn Hữu Đang, Thụy An, Hoàng Huê, Hoàng Tích Linh, Hoàng Tố Nguyên, Hoàng Yến, Hữu Loan, Hữu Thung, Huy Phương, Chu Ngọc, Lê Đại Thanh, Nguyễn Khắc Dực, Nguyễn Thành Long, Nguyễn Văn Tý, Như Mai, Phan Vũ, Quang Dũng, Sĩ Ngọc, Thanh Bình, Trần Công, Trần Đức Thảo, Trần Duy, Trần Lê Văn, Trần Thiếu Bảo, Trần Thịnh and even Văn Cao, composer of the national anthem (for North Vietnam before 1975, all of Vietnam since). Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm was snuffed out by June of 1958, with all of its writers jailed and/or censored. Nguyễn Hữu Đang, a key member of the movement, was sentenced to 15 years of solitary confinement, then kept under special surveillance for 20 more years after release.
Occurring only four years after the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, this suppression paved the way for a state-controlled, monolithic Soviet literature, a situation that lasted until the policy of Đổi Mới [Renovation] in 1988 (13 years after reunification). During this era, very few writers managed to circulate their dissident writing. Among them were Nguyễn Chí Thiện and Trần Vàng Sao.
The website talawas has done an invaluable job of making the primary texts of Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm available online, starting with Trần Dần's poetry collection, jờ joạcx. Radio Free Asia has also devoted 11 programs to the movement.
[edit] Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm online
"Vietnam recognises jailed poets," on the BBC
"Vietnam Honors Once Banned Writers," on Voice of America
"Remembering Phung Quan"
"The Nhan Van Giai Pham Affair, The 1967 Purge, And The Legacy of Dissent," from Zachary Abuza's book, Renovating Politics in Contemporary Vietnam (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001)
"Dangerous Thoughts in Vietnam," from Radio Free Europe, a useful article, but filled with typographical errors
Hoàng Văn Chí's important book, Trăm hoa đua nở trên đất Bắc (Saigon: Mặt Trận Tự Do Văn Hoá, 1959)
"Nhân Văn-Giai Phẩm được tặng giải," on BBC Vietnamese
"Nguyễn Hữu Đang và Nhân văn Giai phẩm," on BBC Vietnamese
"Vĩnh biệt trụ cột Nhân văn giai phẩm," on Nguyễn Hữu Đang
"Từ Nguyễn Hữu Đang đến Phạm Hồng Sơn" by Tưởng Năng Tiến
Đêm giữa ban ngày by Vũ Thư Hiên
"Sự hình thành khuynh hướng văn học, nghệ thuật vô sản và các quá trình đấu tranh cho khuynh hướng đó, tiến tới xây dựng một nền văn nghệ xã hội chủ nghĩa" by Hà Xuân Trường
"Phong trào Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm" by Thụy Khuê
"Thảm kịch 'Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm'" by Nguyễn Minh Cần
"Những biến hoá của chủ nghĩa cá nhân tư sản qua thơ Lê Đạt," an attack by Xuân Diệu, from 1958
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